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One of the most historically important artifacts to come from the home computer telecommunications revolution was shareware CDs, compact discs put out by companies containing hundreds of megabytes of shareware. Initially containing less than the full capacity of the discs (600mb, later 700mb) these items eventually began brimming with any sort of computer data that could be packaged and sold. As material 'ran out', that is, as sellers of these CDs found they were unable to easily find shareware programs and files, the hunt began to track down every last file and item that could make the quarterly or monthly quota. As a result, many otherwise-lost pieces of computer history were gathered up in the trawling nets of these individuals and companies and were preserved for future generations.Some computer bulletin board services would attach banks of CD-ROM drives to their machines to allow users to access the discs, allowing the system operators (SysOps) to claim the BBS had thousands of files available.
For this market, CD makers would declare their CDs 'BBS Ready', meaning an easily-readable directory of file descriptions was located on the CDs to be read by the BBS software.While many of the CDs contain shareware programs, a number branched into music, graphics, animations and movies. Additionally, the advent of an internet open to the general public heralded massive collected sets of files which CD makers happily mirrored and made available to the BBS market. Eventually, as operating systems like Linux and FreeBSD became more widely available, CDs were perfect distribution mechanisms for the very large libraries and file collections associated with them.A number of the initial CD images for this collection came courtesy of the CD BBS of Twin Falls, Idaho, operated by Mark Fugitt (sysop) and Mike Laybourn (remote sysop). The system used a Harris 286 CPU operating at 20MHZ, two 65 Megabit Seagate RLL hard drives and a Dennon CD player that used a 'cart' to hold the CD. The BBS was started using RBBS software, a single phone line with 2400 baud modem and a shareware CD.Additional donations of CD-ROMs have come from Erik Pederson, Peter Simpson, Chuck Gilbert, Koos van den Hout, MCbx, Jason Scott, Tim Hazel, and others.
Silver, released in 1999, is an Action RPG for Microsoft Windows, Dreamcast and Macintosh OS. The game was produced by Infogrames initially for Windows, and later on the Dreamcast. The story focuses around a young warrior called David and his quest to retrieve his wife from the clutches of the villain Silver. On his journey he gains a number of followers and visits many different landscapes. The game sold over 400,000 copies.
The game features polygonal 3D characters drawn against a. Topics: disc image, game. This is the original 'Jesus Is Man' DVD ISO image from Mars Hill Church site, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. From the Mars Hill Church site: 'Jesus’ genealogy shows us that God works faithfully from one generation to the next. God redeems messed up families and raises up new patriarchs and matriarchs to create new family lines because of his covenantal faithfulness to and love for ill-deserving people. Four covenant heads are mentioned in Jesus’ genealogy from. Topics: Jesus, Jesus Is Man, Mars Hill Church, Pastor Mark Driscoll, Mars Hill, Pastor Mark, driscoll.
Shareware Tiger from PC Info Systems, P.O. Box 23591, Columbus, Ohio 43223. Includes Anti-Virus Software, Archiving & File Compression, Batch File Utilities, BBS Software & Utilities, Business Related Software, CAD / CADD / CAM, Communications Software, Database Applications, DeskTop Publishing, Diagnostic Utilities, Disk Drive Utilities, DOS (MS & PC), Educational Software, File Applications, Games & Fun Stuff, Graphic's Application, GIF's, Keyboard & Mouse Utilities, LAN.
Topics: CD-BBS, Curtis Kemp, Mark Fugitt, Mike Laybourn, Mike Woltz. CD-ROM game for children aged 3 and up, for Windows 3.1.
Developed by ImageBuilder Software, Inc. Released 1998 Platform Windows Published by Hasbro Interactive, Inc.
Perspective 1st-person, Top-down Genre Adventure Misc Licensed Gameplay Board Game Description The Candy Land computer game is a version of the classic Candy Land board game transposed onto the computer screen. One player can play against a computer opponent, or up to 4 human players can take turns. To advance, a player clicks on.
Favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite ( 2 reviews ) Topic: Windows 3.1 CD-ROM. Originally posted to alt.binaries.old.nl by MeiMei.
GAMES Games & Entertainment GRAPHICS Graphics, CAD, Paint & Clipart MUSIC Music, MIDI & SoundBlaster EDUCATE Educational & Learning Games GENERAL Miscellaneous Programs MONEY Home Budget & Business DATABASE Database & Information Management WORD Word Processing, Text Editors PRINTING Fonts, Printing Utilities, Labels. Favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite ( 1 reviews ) Topics: Shareware CD, DOS utilities, DOS games, Windows 3.x utilities, Windows 3.x games, OS/2 utilities. Challenge yourself with 24 exciting games for Windows 95 and Windows 3.1. Look out for the cat in Cheesy Pursuit. Put on your best gambler's face for the Poker Machine. Fine tune your strategies in Black Box Chess. Test your photo-graphic memory as you try to pair similar cards together in CardMatch.
Place boulders on the targets with your Bulldozer. Watch out as as each level gets harder and harder. Your whole family will enjoy the variety of fun and challenging games!
Topics: Games Variety Pack, Casual Games, Windows 95 CD-ROM, Windows 3.1 CD-ROM. Emperor: Battle for Dune is a Dune video game, released by Westwood Studios on June 12, 2001. It is based in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe.
It is the third real-time strategy game set in the Dune universe, following its predecessors, Dune II and Dune 2000. While Dune II was a totally distinct story to that of Dune, and Dune 2000 was a remake of Dune II, Emperor is a direct sequel to the previous games. In particular, it is a sequel to Dune 2000, carrying on from where it left. Topic: Real-time strategy. URL: CAINE (Computer Aided INvestigative Environment) is an Italian GNU/Linux live distribution created as a project of Digital Forensics Currently the project manager is Nanni Bassetti.
CAINE offers a complete forensic environment that is organized to integrate existing software tools as software modules and to provide a friendly graphical interface. The main design objectives that CAINE aims to guarantee are the following: an interoperable environment that supports.
Topics: CAINE, Computer Aided INvestigative Environment, ubuntu, linux, distro, CF, DF, digital forensics. Software Vault: The Collection for Windows 2.
From Digital Impact, Inc. Lewis, Suite 250, Tulsa, OK 74136. December, 1994. Sections include: Hottest Hits for Windows; Applications - General; BMP Wallpaper and Screensavers; Business Apps and Spreadsheets; Communications Plus; Database Applications; Demonstrations; Desktop - Program Manager; Drivers - General; Educational Programs; Engineering and Scientific; File Archiving and Encryption; File Management; Fonts and Font Programs; Games. Favorite favorite favorite ( 1 reviews ) Topics: CD-BBS, Curtis Kemp, Mark Fugitt, Mike Laybourn, Mike Woltz.
Sonic & Knuckles Collection is a compilation for Microsoft Windows based PCs, released in 1997. Games included are Sonic the Hedgehog 3, Sonic & Knuckles, Sonic 3 & Knuckles, and Blue Sphere (listed as 'Special Stage Mode'). Most of the original music is emulated, with the user able to choose between MIDI and FM formats.
Furthermore, some of Sonic 3's music tracks, including those of Carnival Night Zone, Ice Cap Zone, Launch Base Zone, Knuckles' theme, the Competition. Favorite favorite favorite ( 2 reviews ) Topics: Sonic the Hedgehog, CD-ROM, Windows 95 CD-ROM.
Carmageddon is a graphically violent vehicular combat 1997 PC video game. It was later ported to other platforms, and spawned a series of follow-up titles. It was inspired by the 1975 cult classic movie Death Race 2000.
The game was produced by Stainless Games, published by Interplay and SCi. In Carmageddon, the player races a vehicle against a number of other computer controlled competitors in various settings, including city, mine and industrial areas. The player has a certain amount of time. Topics: disc image, game.
Current Peach OSI 32 bit The Works Installation File Size - 3.0 GB For more help visit www.peachosi.com Preamble: An operating system like Peach OSI is sorely needed in all of our daily computing needs. Linux is difficult to infiltrate in that the file system requires that a user be logged in order to edit or alter the system files. Peach OSI can be installed alongside any Windows system. Peach OSI can be installed as a stand alone system. Peach OSI can be ran in a virtual machine. Topics: PeachOSI, Peach OSI, Peach, OSI, The Works, 16.04, 16.04.TW, 32bit, 32, bit, Linux, OS, Ubuntu.
A collection of Puppy LInux builds by 01micko based on Slackware This is my 'go-to' favourite build and found that slacko-5.3.3 worked on every machine I tried it on. I run 5.7 now Highly recommended!.edit - non english variants added including, Russian, Hungarian and Japanese, also added are LXDE and Gnome desktop environment options.edit slacko 5.6.0.5 is the community woof edition and is a testing build. Remastered - Slacko-5.7-Office-NON-PAE md5sum. Topics: Puppy Linux, Slacko, Slackware, pagestep007, wiak, darry1966, norgo, eee, eeepc, peebee, csipesz. DESCRIPTIONOne of the most historically important artifacts to come from the home computer telecommunications revolution was shareware CDs, compact discs put out by companies containing hundreds of megabytes of shareware. Initially containing less than the full capacity of the discs (600mb, later 700mb) these items eventually began brimming with any sort of computer data that could be packaged and sold. As material 'ran out', that is, as sellers of these CDs found they were unable to easily find shareware programs and files, the hunt began to track down every last file and item that could make the quarterly or monthly quota.
As a result, many otherwise-lost pieces of computer history were gathered up in the trawling nets of these individuals and companies and were preserved for future generations.Some computer bulletin board services would attach banks of CD-ROM drives to their machines to allow users to access the discs, allowing the system operators (SysOps) to claim the BBS had thousands of files available. For this market, CD makers would declare their CDs 'BBS Ready', meaning an easily-readable directory of file descriptions was located on the CDs to be read by the BBS software.While many of the CDs contain shareware programs, a number branched into music, graphics, animations and movies. Additionally, the advent of an internet open to the general public heralded massive collected sets of files which CD makers happily mirrored and made available to the BBS market. Eventually, as operating systems like Linux and FreeBSD became more widely available, CDs were perfect distribution mechanisms for the very large libraries and file collections associated with them.A number of the initial CD images for this collection came courtesy of the CD BBS of Twin Falls, Idaho, operated by Mark Fugitt (sysop) and Mike Laybourn (remote sysop). The system used a Harris 286 CPU operating at 20MHZ, two 65 Megabit Seagate RLL hard drives and a Dennon CD player that used a 'cart' to hold the CD. The BBS was started using RBBS software, a single phone line with 2400 baud modem and a shareware CD.Additional donations of CD-ROMs have come from Erik Pederson, Peter Simpson, Chuck Gilbert, Koos van den Hout, MCbx, Jason Scott, Tim Hazel, and others.
The Gall–Peters projection of the world mapThe Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular that maps all areas such that they have the correct sizes relative to each other. Like any, it achieves this goal by distorting most shapes. The projection is a particular example of the with latitudes 45° north and south as the regions on the map that have no distortion.The projection is named after.
Gall is credited with describing the projection in 1855 at a science convention. He published a paper on it in 1885.
Peters brought the projection to a wider audience beginning in the early 1970s by means of the 'Peters World Map'. The name 'Gall–Peters projection' seems to have been used first by in a pamphlet put out by the American Cartographic Association in 1986.Maps based on the projection are promoted by, and they are also widely used by British schools. State of and began phasing in these maps in March 2017, becoming the first public school district and state in the to adopt Gall–Peters maps as their standard.The Gall–Peters projection achieved notoriety in the late 20th century as the centerpiece of a controversy about the political implications of map design. The Gall–Peters cylindrical equal-area projection with of deformationThe various specializations of the cylindric equal-area projection differ only in the ratio of the vertical to horizontal axis. This ratio determines the standard parallel of the projection, which is the parallel at which there is no distortion and along which distances match the stated scale.
There are always two standard parallels on the cylindric equal-area projection, each at the same distance north and south of the equator. The standard parallels of the Gall–Peters are 45° N and 45° S. Several other specializations of the equal-area cylindric have been described, promoted, or otherwise named.
Named specializations of the cylindric equal-area projectionSpecializationStandard parallels N/SEquator30°(= Craster rectangular)37°04′37°24′37°30′Gall–Peters (= Gall orthographic = Peters)45°50°Tobler's world in a square55°39′Origins and naming The Gall–Peters projection was first described in 1855 by clergyman, who presented it along with two other projections at the Glasgow meeting of the (the BA). He gave it the name 'orthographic' and formally published his work in 1885 in the Scottish Geographical Magazine. The projection is suggestive of the in that distances between parallels of the Gall–Peters are a constant multiple of the distances between the parallels of the orthographic.
That constant is √ 2.The name 'Gall–Peters projection' seems to have been used first by in a pamphlet put out by the American Cartographic Association in 1986. Before 1973 it had been known, when referred to at all, as the 'Gall orthographic' or 'Gall's orthographic.' Most Peters supporters refer to it only as the 'Peters projection.' During the years of the cartographic literature tended to mention both attributions, settling on one or the other for the purposes of the article. In recent years 'Gall–Peters' seems to dominate.Peters world map.
Comparison of the Gall–Peters projection and some cylindrical equal-area map projections with Tissot indicatrix, standard parallels and aspect ratioIn 1967, a German filmmaker, devised a map projection identical to Gall's orthographic projection and presented it in 1973 as a 'new invention'. He promoted it as a superior alternative to the, which was suited to navigation but also used commonly in world maps.
The Mercator projection increasingly inflates the sizes of regions according to their distance from the equator. This inflation results, for example, in a representation of that is larger than, which has a geographic area 14 times greater than Greenland's. Since much of the technologically underdeveloped world lies near the equator, these countries appear smaller on a Mercator and therefore, according to Peters, seem less significant.: 155 On Peters's projection, by contrast, areas of equal size on the globe are also equally sized on the map.
By using his 'new' projection, Peters argued that poorer, less powerful nations could be restored to their rightful proportions. This reasoning has been picked up by many educational and religious bodies, leading to adoption of the Gall–Peters projection among some socially concerned groups, including Oxfam, magazine, and the. However, Peters's choice of 45° N/S for the standard parallels means that the regions displayed with highest accuracy include Europe and the US, and not the tropics.Peters's original description of the projection for his map contained a geometric error that, taken literally, implies standard parallels of 46°02′ N/S. However the text accompanying the description made it clear that he had intended the standard parallels to be 45° N/S, making his projection identical to Gall's orthographic. In any case, the difference is negligible in a world map.Controversy.
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( January 2016) At first, the cartographic community largely ignored Peters's foray into cartography. The preceding century had already witnessed many campaigns for new projections with little visible result. Just twenty years earlier, for example, Trystan Edwards described and promoted his own eponymous projection, disparaging the Mercator, and recommending his projection as the solution. Peters's projection differed from Edwards's only in height-to-width ratio. More problematic, Peters's projection was identical to one that was already over a century old, though he probably did not realize it. That projection—Gall's orthographic—passed unnoticed when it was announced in 1855.Beyond the lack of novelty in the projection itself, the claims Peters made about the projection were also familiar to cartographers.
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Just as in the case of Peters, earlier projections generally were promoted as alternatives to the Mercator. Inappropriate use of the Mercator projection in world maps and the size disparities figuring prominently in Peters's arguments against the Mercator projection had been remarked upon for centuries and quite commonly in the 20th century. As early as 1943, Stewart notes this phenomenon and compares the quest for the perfect projection to ' or making ' because the mathematics that governs map projections just does not permit development of a map projection that is objectively significantly better than the hundreds already devised. Even Peters's politicized interpretation of the common use of Mercator was nothing new, with Kelloway's 1946 text mentioning a similar controversy.Cartographers had long despaired over publishers' inapt use of the Mercator. A 1943 New York Times editorial stated that 'The time has come to discard the Mercator for something that represents the continents and directions less deceptively.
Although its usage. Has diminished. It is still highly popular as a wall map apparently in part because, as a rectangular map, it fills a rectangular wall space with more map, and clearly because its familiarity breeds more popularity.'
Because of the lack of novelty both in the projection Peters devised and in the rhetoric surrounding its promotion, the cartographic community had no reason to think Peters would succeed any more than Edwards or his predecessors had.: 165Peters, however, launched his campaign in a different world from that of Edwards. He announced his map at a time when themes of social justice resonated strongly in academia and politics.
Suggesting ', Peters found ready audiences. The campaign was bolstered by the claim that the Peters projection was the only 'area-correct' map. Other claims included 'absolute angle conformality', 'no extreme distortions of form', and 'totally distance-factual'.All of those claims were erroneous. Some of the oldest projections are equal-area (the is also known as the 'Mercator equal-area projection'), and hundreds have been described, refuting any implication that Peters's map is special in that regard.
In any case, Mercator was not the pervasive projection Peters made it out to be: a wide variety of projections has always been used in world maps. Peters's chosen projection suffers extreme distortion in the polar regions, as any cylindrical projection must, and its distortion along the equator is considerable.
Several scholars have remarked on the irony of the projection's undistorted presentation of the mid latitudes, including Peters's native Germany, at the expense of the low latitudes, which host more of the technologically underdeveloped nations. The claim of distance fidelity is particularly problematic: Peters's map lacks distance fidelity everywhere except along the 45th parallels north and south, and then only in the direction of those parallels. No world projection is good at preserving distances everywhere; Peters's and all other cylindric projections are especially bad in that regard because east-west distances inevitably balloon toward the poles.The cartographic community met Peters's 1973 press conference with amusement and mild exasperation, but little activity beyond a few articles commenting on the technical aspects of Peters's claims. In the ensuing years, however, it became clear that Peters and his map were no flash in the pan. By 1980 many cartographers had turned overtly hostile to his claims. In particular, Peters writes in The New Cartography,Philosophers, astronomers, historians, popes and mathematicians have all drawn global maps long before cartographers as such existed. Cartographers appeared in the 'Age of Discovery', which developed into the Age of European Conquest and Exploitation and took over the task of making maps.By the authority of their profession they have hindered its development.
Since Mercator produced his global map over four hundred years ago for the age of Europeans world domination, cartographers have clung to it despite its having been long outdated by events. They have sought to render it topical by cosmetic corrections. The European world concept, as the last expression of a subjective global view of primitive peoples, must give way to an objective global concept.The cartographic profession is, by its retention of old precepts based on the Eurocentric global concept, incapable of developing this egalitarian world map which alone can demonstrate the parity of all peoples of the earth.This attack galled the cartographic community. Their most emphatic refutation of Peters's assertions was the long list of cartographers who, over the preceding century, had formally expressed frustration at publishers' overuse of the Mercator, as noted above.
Many of those cartographers had already developed projections they explicitly promoted as alternatives to the Mercator, including the most influential American cartographers of the twentieth century: , , and. Hence the cartographic community viewed Peters's narrative as ahistorical and mean-spirited.The two camps never made any real attempts toward reconciliation. The Peters camp largely ignored the protests of the cartographers.
Peters maintained there should be 'one map for one world' —his—and did not acknowledge the prior art of Gall until the controversy had largely run its course, late in his life. While Peters likely reinvented the projection independently, his unscholarly conduct and refusal to engage the cartographic community undoubtedly contributed to the polarization and impasse.Frustrated by some very visible successes and mounting publicity stirred up by the industry that had sprung up around the Peters map, the cartographic community began to plan more coordinated efforts to restore balance, as they saw it. The 1980s saw a flurry of literature directed against the Peters phenomenon. Though Peters's map was not singled out, the controversy motivated the American Cartographic Association (now ) to produce a series of booklets (including Which Map Is Best ) designed to educate the public about map projections and distortion in maps. ^ Gall, James (1885).
Scottish Geographical Magazine. 1 (4): 119–123. ^ American Cartographic Association's Committee on Map Projections, 1986.
Which Map is Best p. Falls Church: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. Higgins, Hannah B. The Grid Book. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2009. 'Embroiled in controversy from the start, the map is nonetheless widely used in the British school system and is promoted by the United Nations Educational and Scientific Cultural Organization (UNESCO) because of its ability to communicate visually the actual relative sizes of the various regions of the planet.'
. Joanna Walters (March 19, 2017). Retrieved March 19, 2017. ^ Crampton, Jeremy (1994). 'Cartography's defining moment: The Peters projection controversy, 1974–1990'. 31 (4): 16–32.
Snyder, John P. An Album of Map Projections p.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. (Mathematical properties of the Gall–Peters and related projections.). ^ Monmonier, Mark (2004).
Mgw Shifters
Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection p. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Thorough treatment of the social history of the Mercator projection and Gall–Peters projections.). Smyth, C. On an Equal-Surface Projection and its Anthropological Applications. Edinburgh: Edmonton & Douglas. (Monograph describing an equal-area cylindric projection and its virtues, specifically disparaging Mercator's projection.).
Archived from on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2011-11-14. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title.
May 1983. Ncc Friendship Press' Peters Projection Map. Maling, D.H. Coordinate Systems and Map Projections, second edition, second printing, p. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ^ Edwards, Trystan (1953).
A New Map of the World. Batsford LTD. Hinks, Arthur R. Map Projections p.
London: Cambridge University Press. Steers, J.A. An Introduction to the Study of Map Projections 9th ed.
London: The University of London Press. ^ Kellaway, G.P. Map Projections p.
London: Methuen & Co. (Mentions allegations of an 'imperialistic motive'.). Abelson, C.E. Common Map Projections p. Sevenoaks: W.H.
Smith & Sons. Chamberlin, Wellman (1947). The Round Earth on Flat Paper p. Washington, D.C.: The National Geographic Society. Fisher, Irving (1943).
'A World Map on a Regular Icosahedron by Gnomonic Projection.' Geographical Review 33 (4): 605. (A jab at Mercator and proposal for a replacement.). Stewart, John Q.
'The Use and Abuse of Map Projections'. Geographical Review 33 (4): 590. (Noting quixotic promotions of new projections.). Bauer, H.A. 'Globes, Maps, and Skyways (Air Education Series)'.
28. Miller, Osborn Maitland (1942).
'Notes on Cylindrical World Map Projections'. Geographical Review. 43 (3): 405–409. Raisz, Erwin Josephus.
General Cartography. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2d ed., 1948. 87. Robinson, Arthur Howard. Elements of Cartography, second edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
82. ^ Snyder, John P.
Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections p. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. (Summary of the Peters controversy.). (1977) The Bulletin 25 (17) pp.
Bonn: Federal Republic of Germany Press and Information Office. ^ Snyder, John P. Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections p. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. (Summary of the Peters controversy.). Bowyer, T.D.; German, G.A.
A Guide to Map Projections p. London: John Murray.
Snyder, J.P. 'Social Consciousness and World Maps'. Christian Century. 105 (2): 190–192. Robinson, Arthur H. 'Arno Peters and His New Cartography'.
American Cartographer. 12 (2): 103–111. Canters, Frank; Decleir, Hugo (1989). The World in Perspective: A Directory of World Map Projections, p.
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons LTD. (Distortion of distance in world maps. Gall–Peters is structurally very similar to Behrmann.). Peters, Arno (1983).
Die Neue Kartographie/The New Cartography (in German and English). Klagenfurt, Austria: Carinthia University; New York: Friendship Press. ^ Arno Peters: Radical Map, Remarkable Man. (A DVD documentary.) 2008. Robinson, Arthur (1990).
'Rectangular World Maps—No!' Professional Geographer. 42 (1): 101–104. American Cartographer.
16(3): 222–223. Harley, J.B. 'Can There Be a Cartographic Ethics?'
Cartographic Perspectives. 10: 9–16.Further reading. Snyder, John P. (1987), Map Projections—A Working Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395, Washington: Government Printing Office.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
—An article in the on why the Gall–Peters projection should be more widely used. —A critique of the importance of the Gall–Peters projection.